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Battles Involving Great Britain
•July 10th to October 31st 1940 •First major campaign to be fought entirely by air forces •The goal for the Germans was to destroy the Royal Air Force (RAF) •Luftwaffe attacked shipping convoys in the English channel and channel ports •Popular aircraft was the Junker Ju87 “Stuka” dive bomber •These were very accurate but since they were very vulnerable to attacks were withdrawn in mid-august •In the beginning of the battle Luftwaffe was looking for weaknesses before a major assault could be launched to exploit them •At the beginning of August more troop barges were assembled on the French coast •The raids on South England were increased in size and number •To put pressure on British forces the Germans sent ground and air raids at the same time •Many RAF stations became damaged •Maintenance working for the RAF suffered heavy casualties from the raids •To keep pressure on Britain, Germany began night raids to stop the British from repairing things overnight •British bombed Berlin •Fears grew that cities would be raided more often •Children were evacuated to safer places in the country •Hitler was mad about the attack on Berlin and because they were not killing enough RAF fighters •Hitler changed the target to attacking cities and industry •Hitler though that this would bring the RAF to protect the city •Which would make it easier for the Luftwaffe to shoot them down and establish air superiority •British became aware of the attack on London, and now had time to assemble a large number of fighters to attack the Germans before they start bombing •For people in the cities they had little rest because of the day and night raids •RAF could do little to stop the night raids •German bomber daylight losses became to heavy •The German raids continued •RAF had started to develop night fighters equipped with radar which could tackle the problem •German losses increased and raids stopped in late October •Germans released that RAF could not be defeated in 1940 •The Germans were preparing an attack on Russia so the Battle of Britian was over
BATTLE OF BRITAIN
BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC
•Longest military campaign of WW2, September 1939- May 1945 •Germany’s goal was to stop merchant ships from getting to the British •Without imported material the British cannot survive and fight •The German submarine force made it hard for Britain to survive the war •Great deal of British supplies came from American and had to cross the Atlantic •Germans needed to sink 150 British merchant ships to starve Britain •German submarines hunted in “wolf-packs” •British ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean in “convoys” •Over the 6 year battle the Germans destroyed 5,219 merchant ships •But with the help of British aircraft they were able to win
