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Joseph Haydn
Childhood Haydn was born in Austria. His father was the mayor of his village and his mother was a cook. His father knew how to play harp, and noticed Haydn was musically inclined. At six he was sent to another city to apprenticed for a man named Frankh. While there he learned to play harp and violin, as well as sang for the town choir. The music director of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna was impressed by him, and recruited him to be a musician for the church. There, in addition to learning to be a musician, he was also taught basic school subjects.
Who? Hayden was a famous musician in Austria during the enlightenment period. He is often known as the ''Father of the Symphony'' and also as ''Father of the String Quartet.'' Haydn served as a court musician for an aristocratic Hungarian family, the Esterhzy family.
March 31, 1732 – May 31, 1809
Kapellmeister Haydn was the Count's music director, known as the Kapellmeister. While working for Morzin, Haydn wrote his first symphonies. In 1761 he accepted a job as the Vice Kappelmeister for the Esterhzy family. He was promoted in 1766. While working for them, he travelled with the family wherever they went. His job entailed much responsibility over the overall performance of his music, including directing the orchestra. He worked for the Esterhzy family for almost thirty years, and while there his popularity grew outside of his hometown.
Freelance Haydn was kicked out of the church he worked for. He then continued his career being a freelance musician and getting jobs when he could. He worked with Italian composer Nicola Porpora in 1752. His reputation began to grow, and he wrote his first opera, Der Krumme Teufel in 1753. After this, his work became available in music stores. From 1754 to 1756 Haydn worked freelance for the Vienna court. In 1756, Haydn went to work at Weinzierl, where he wrote his first string quartets. In 1757 he went to work for Count Morzin, who was his first permanent employer.
Famous Works Der krumme Teufel (1753) Paris symphonies (1785–1786) The Seven Last Words of Christ (1786) Surprise Symphony Military Symphonies Drumroll Symphonies London Symphonies The Creation The Seasons
London in 1790, Haydn accepted an offer from Johann Peter Salomon to travel to England and compose symphonies. He made two trips to England, 1791–1792 and 1794–1795. Both trips were extremely successful. He performed in concerts which brought him both profits and fame. He composed some of his best work while in England including the Surprise, Military, Drumroll, and London symphonies. While Haydn was not in England, he taught Beethoven. Their relationship was strained because Beethoven did not believe Hadyn to be a good teacher and found others to teach him also.
Vienna Haydn moved back to Vienna in 1795. While there, he composed many religious works including The Creation and The Seasons. He also wrote a concerto and many string quartets. In 1802, Haydn became too sick to compose any longer. He died in May of 1809 at the age of 77. A memorial service was held for him two weeks after his death in the Schottenkirche. One of Mozart's compositions was performed at his memorial.
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