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Atomic History Time Line
1911
1803
John Dalton- Dalton proposed his Atomic Theory, which states that all matter is made of atoms and atoms are indivisible and indestructible, that all atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties, that compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms and that chemical reactions are a rearrangement of atoms by ratio. Dalton is also known for his law of partial pressures, which looks at how elements combine, among other things since from an early age Dalton was encouraged to record natural phenomena. Even through his color blindness, Dalton's study of the atmosphere, and how gases react within it, Dalton not only created his law of partial pressures, but composed the first list of atomic weights. Dalton was extremely beneficial to the foundations of chemistry, and was highly revered by people in his day.
J.J. Thomson- known most for his Plum Pudding Model of the electron, which he hypothesized after studying rays passing through a cathode ray tube and how the rays, filled with electricity, or electrons, which Thomson called corpuscles, where affected by the positive and negative side of a magnet. Thomson was able to measure a cathode ray's charge/mass ratio with his studies, which helped him to estimate the size of an electron, determine the charge of the electron, and develop his Plum Pudding Model. Thomson was knighted in 1908 and died in WWII.
1897
Ernest Rutherford- Rutherford studied the effect of radiation from the element of uranium. During his studies, Rutherford determined that there were two kinds of radiation. These two different types, alpha and beta, can be differentiated by their different abilities to penetrate materials. For example, alpha rays won't pass through paper and beta radiation can penetrate thin sheets of metal foil. Rutherford concluded that radiation was caused by atoms of radioactive material breaking apart. Rutherford set up and experiment, in which a cannon would shot an alpha particle through gold foil, and eventually had his students see if any would bounce back. His students determined that 1 in 800 bounced back, which lead Rutherford to state that another charged particle, a hard core in the center of the atom called the nucleus, made them bounce back. This Gold Foil model is what Rutherford is most known for, though he has received a Nobel Prize in 1908,
1922
Niels Bohr- Bohr , already having a masters degree and working with the famous J.J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford, began to look into Theoretical Physics, and delved into the quantum theory of atoms. Bohr explained that atoms exist in stationary states, and that when an atom changes from one state to another, an absorption of electromagnetic radiation determined by the energy difference between the two states. He wrote the formula, Δ E = E 2 − E 1 = hν , to describe this. "Bohr deduced the correspondence principle: A quantum description of atoms must tend to the classical description for larger dimensions. He also deduced the complementarity principle: There are interactions between objects and the instruments used to observe them. Using the complementarity principle he concluded that there is always a limit to the ability of scientists to observe (and to know) atoms. With this concept he acquired an influence beyond the world of physics." (http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ar-Bo/Bohr-Niels.html) Thanks to Bohr's hard work to understand the quantum theory of the atom, he received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1922.
1926
Erwin Schrodinger- Known best for his quantum statistic and quantum theory, however, Schrodinger's work in quantum theory created a new science category called wave mechanics. "The Schrodinger equation is a wave equation that explains the properties and behavior of all types of submicroscopic particles with small masses and that are in the presence of electric and magnetic fields." (http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ru-Sp/Schr-dinger-Erwin.html) Schrodinger published many books and papers about physics, and won the Nobel Prize in 1933 for physics. fHere's an explanation of Quantum Chemistry: http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Pr-Ro/Quantum-Chemistry.htmlAnd just for giggles, and Old Spice Commercial: http://youtu.be/owGykVbfgUE
John Dalton
Thomson Video
music
Works Cited Page
Schrodinger's CatVideo
Bohr's Video
Bohr's Atom Model
Rutherford Video
