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Literary Works of the Romanticism Period Romanticism is the connection of real world events through your emotions, which emotions are crucial when writing. Whether it be fiction, or non-fiction, a novel, poetry, or even a short story emotions have an impact on what writers put together to make a literary work. - "The Scarlet Letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne uses emotions to portray sex, punishment and the physiological effects of guilt. -Death is a theme that Emily Dickinson's poetry tends to have. She writes: "Death is a dialogue between / The spirit and the dust..." In another poem, she writes, "Because I could not stop for Death, / He kindly stopped for me..." -Walt Whitman writes the songs of the professions and the land. He also depicted the Civil War, death, longing, and passion, among other themes. -"A pleasing land of drowsy head it was, Of dreams that wave before the half-shut eye; And of gay castles in the clouds that pass, Forever flushing round a summer sky. Castle of Indolence. "- Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving -James Fenimore Cooper is known for being the first great American writer of fiction, famed for action-packed plots and vivid portrayal of American life. -Moby-Dick is a classic novel published in 1851 by American author Herman Melville. Melville uses stylized language, symbolism, and metaphor to explore several complex themes. Through the main character's journey, the concepts of class and social status, good and evil, and the existence of gods are all examined -Edgar Allen Poe- Best known for his tales of mystery. ''Banners yellow, glorious, golden, On its roof did float and flow, (This- all this- was in the olden Time long ago,) And every gentle air that dallied, In that sweet day, Along the ramparts plumed and pallid, A winged odor went away.''- The Haunted Palace" -
Economic Conditions In 1832 President Andrew Jackson vetoed a bill that would recharter the second bank of the United States. Because of this many banks issued currency eventhough they weren't backed up with gold or silver. The government also speculated land to the people. In 1837 there was a depression that lasted until the mid 40's caused by the over speculation of land, wild banking and the fall of cotton prices. In the 184o's Lewis Tappan established the first national credit agency. In the 1850's americans were moving westward across the United States. Railroads and roads were being built and gold was found in California.
Social Conditions During the 1830's the American people became intrested in the anti-slavery Movement; such as the Liberator anti-slavery newspaper and the Nate Turner rebellion. During the 1840's the Temperance Movement and the Second great awakening was about to end. During the 1850's temperance , anti-slavery and pro-slavery groups began to grow. Also everyone was migrating to the west and cultures started to mix.
American History: The young and expanding United States was fertile ground for the currents of Romanticism, the intellectual, artistic, and cultural movement that had an enormous impact on European thinking and European politics in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century. Having thrown off a colonial government with a revolution grounded in the Enlightenment values of the rights of private judgment in religious matters and self-governance in political matters, the new American nation found consonance with the Romantic emphasis on self-knowledge and self-expression and the Romantic orientation against the imposition of authority by elite classes. The unique conditions of the western frontier and the socially divisive challenges of the antislavery movement and the women's rights movement generated further conditions that nourished assumptions and attitudes that were essentially Romantic in nature. Emerging from these conditions was an assertion of the value of the individual self, an intense concern with the inner workings of the perceiving mind, and an affirmation of emotion and instinct. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882), in the 1841 essay "Self-Reliance," captured the spirit of his time when he termed it "the age of the first person singular" (Early Lectures 3:188). The self-reliant individualist and the figure of the hero were two key embodiments of this ethos. Their representation in fiction and poetry marked a distinctive era in American authorship and reading.
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Art: Romantic painting tends to be rich in color, mood, and atmosphere. It was characterized by the avoidance of classical forms and rules, emphasis on emotions, representation of the ideals, nostalgia for the grace of past ages, and a preference for exotic themes. Artist would give inanimate objects human values and qualities. Romanticism placed new emphasis on such emotions as horror and awe. It elevated folk art, nature, and custom. Example: Hudson River School- An art movement, followed by a group of landscape painters, influenced by romanticism Thomas Cole- founder of the Hudson River School, painted “The Oxbow” and “Ruined Tower” Music The era of romantic music is the period of classical music that runs roughly from 1820 to 1910. Characteristics of romantic music- •Freedom in form and design; a more intense personal expression of emotion •Emphasis on lyrical, songlike melodies, richer harmonies •Exploring a wider range of pitch and dynamics •Expansion of the orchestra, sometimes to gigantic proportions •Rich variety of types of piece, ranging from songs and fairly short piano pieces to huge musical canvasses with lengthy time-span structures •Shape and unity brought to lengthy works by use of recurring themes Examples: Beethoven and Ludwig
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God & Religion: A group know as Transcendentalists was very popular during the Romanticism era. These people believed that to find the truth about God, the universe, and one’s self, one must transcend, or go beyond, the everyday experiences of the physical world. Drew much of his thought from Puritanism, God revealed himself through the Bible and the physical world. Strongly believed that God is good and works through nature. Transcendentalists’’ optimism appealed to many people who lived in a time full of worries – about money, slavery, and future of our nation.. “If the world depresses you, look within yourself.”
Transition from Enlightment to Romanticism Enlightment was a period of rational thinking, there had to be a definate answer. But many people didn't fell this was a good way to question the world. They thought that they should answer questions of of their emotions. This is how Romanticism came into play. People started doing things out of emotion there was no longer a mind set of "black and white". Everyone started expressing themsevles from there feelings now.
