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Section 10-1
The larger a cell becomes, the more demands the cell places on its DNA. In addition, the cell has more trouble moving enough nutrients and wastes across the cell membrane.
This Chart shows the ratio of surface area to volume of a cell. i also shows the equation for figuring out the surface area and volume.
-The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells is called cell division. -Before cell division occurs, the cell replicates, or copies, all of its DNA. -Each daughter cell gets one complete set of genetic information.
Each daughter cell has an increased ratio of surface area to volume. This allows efficient exchange of materials with the environment.
Section 10-2
-In most prokaryotes, the rest of the process of cell division is separating the contents of the cell into two parts. -In eukaryotes, cell division is more complex and occurs in two main stages. -The first stage, division of the cell nucleus, is called mitosis The second stage, division of the cytoplasm, is called cytokinesis.
Before cell division, each chromosome is replicated and two daughter molecules are created called chromatids. Each pair of chromatids is attached at an area called the centromere
During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells, each of which then begins the cycle again.
Biologists divide the events of mitosis into four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Cytokenisis: the process where the cytoplasm of the cell divides
Section 10-3
Cyclins regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
Proteins that respond to events inside the cell are called internal regulators. Proteins that respond to events outside the cell are called external regulators. External regulators direct cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle.
Cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells.
