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Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Mitosis
The Cell Cycle
The pictures to the left represents the eukaryotic cell cycle. As you can see, the cell spends most of the time in INTERPHASE, where the cell develops enough to split into two (90%). A small percentage of the time is spent on mitosis and cell division (10%). G1 phase of the cell is basically when the newly divided cell creates more organelles and grows The S phase of the cell synthesizes DNA. The G2 phase of the cell cycle prepares the cell for division as it grows.
S phase
G1 and G2
Mitosis
The mitotic phase consists of mitosis (or the dividing of the the nucleus into two) and cytokinesis (the actual splitting of the cell). This phase takes up only 10% of the cell cycle. While the cell goes through interphase, it is actually just preparing for mitosis.
2. In this picture, the cell is going through PROMETAPHASE, when the nuclear envelope disappears and spindle microtubules from the centrosomes extend out towards the kinetochores of the chromosomes.
3. In the METAPHASE, the chromosomes line up along the spindles formed by the microtubules, so that the chromosomes are perpendicular to the spindles. The imaginary plate that goes across the line of chromosomes is called the metaphase plate.
1. In this picture, the cell is going through PROPHASE, where the chromatins are tightly coiled to form chromosomes, which are visible under the microscope.
4. The microtubules start to pull apart, bringing the chromosomes with them. They pull apart the sister chromatids, pulling them towards opposite poles of the cell using ATP. The cell elongates.This is ANAPHASE.
5. Anaphase ends when the chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell. Telophase begins and two nucleoli form. The spindles disappear. The cell membrane tightens in its middle, forming a cleavage furrow (cytokinesis), splitting cell in half. Finally, the result is two new cells. Mitosis is complete.
By Cecille Yang
