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The Industrial Revolution -1815 turning point -children as laborers (mill conditions horrible) -immigrants important to mid-Atlantic manufacturing -Eli Whitney (basic production on interchangavle parts, cotton gin) - West was center of farm-machinery industry
THE MARKET REVOLUTION
The Transportation Revolution -water transportation, cheaper and quicker (steamboats 1807) -railroads, last and most important (late 1820's) -railroads shipped east -no linked North and South -all government promoted transportation -Gibbins v. Ogden (1824) -Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837)
Cities and Immigrants -1/20 to 1/7 Americans in Urban Areas -Atlantic port cities grew (NY largest city by 1820s) -Inland cities growing (Pitt, Cinc, Chi) -1840-1860, 4.2 mil immigrants came due to problems in home countries
Growing Inequality and New Classes -richest 10% owned 40-50 of nation's wealth -new middle class (market towns) -temperance (religious reform) -women and domesticity (evangelical saints) -families became smaller -working class was now craftsmen, journeymen -trade unions (launched strikes 1830s) -defending rights and virtues (artisanal, division widened) -many divisions (gender, class, religion)
