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In March 1987, Ali Hassan al-Majid, cousin of Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein, was appointed secretary-general of the Ba'ath Party's Northern Region, which included Iraqi Kurdistan. Under al-Majid, control of policies against the Kurdish insurgents passed from the Iraqi Army to the Ba'ath Party itself. It would be known as al-Anfal (The Spoils of War), in a reference to the eighth sura of the Qur'an.
Al-Anfal
Anfal, officially conducted between February 23 and September 6, 1988, would have eight stages altogether, seven of them targeting areas controlled by the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan.
