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The Anfal campaign included the use of ground offensives, aerial bombing, systematic destruction of settlements, mass deportation, firing squads, and chemical warfare, which earned al-Majid the nickname of Chemical Ali. "Battle-age" men were the primary targets of Anfal. It is apparent that a principal purpose of Anfal was to exterminate all adult males of military service age captured in rural Iraqi Kurdistan.
The Campaign
Saddam Hussein
Ali Hassan al-Majid
