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Cloning the First Animal
In this instance of cloning, scientist used the nucleus from and udder cell. They injected the nucleus into an unfertilized egg that did not have a nucleus and then they made the nucleus and the cell fuse by a series of electrical pulses. There were 277 cell fusions, 29 early embryo developments that were implanted into 13 surrogate mothers. Only one of these pregnancies went to full term, in which Dolly was born.
Cloning has helped us clone other large animals such as horses and bulls. We can also use cloning to bring back extinct animals. In January 2009 in Spain, a Pyrenean ibex was cloned- an extinct wild goat. By cloning we could bring back extinct species. Other potential uses for cloning: producing proteins for medical and nutritional use ( by transferring human genes into animals so that they produce useful proteins in their milk), cloning in order to make organ donors, cloning cells in order to use their stem cells for degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Cloning Dolly the sheep - AnimalResearch.info. Home - AnimalResearch.info. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. http://www.animalresearch.info/en/medical/timeline/Dolly. Dolly (sheep) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolly_(sheep). Dolly the sheep dies young - 14 February 2003 - New Scientist. Science news and science jobs from New Scientist - New Scientist. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn3393-dolly-the-sheep-dies-young.html.
The first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell instead of an embryonic cell was cloned by Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell. Born July 5th 1996 at Roslin Institute in Scotland, and Dolly lived to be six years old (died on February 14th 2003) due to a lung disease and arthritis.Dolly had three different “mothers”: one that donated the DNA, one that provided the egg and one that carried and born the sheep.
Dolly’s telomeres (pieces of DNA that protect the end of a chromosome, like the aglet on the tip of a shoe lace protects the shoe lace from being damaged and unwinding) were shorter than that of a normal sheep and she was not totally a complete identical copy due to the DNA in the mitochondria of the downer egg cell.
Common Terms Associated with Cloning: Somatic cell: any of the cells in the body that make up tissues, organs and parts of the individual. Nucleus: A double membrane organelle that houses the chromosome ( genetic information). Cloning effects all the systems of the body.
