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Dear Glog, This poster will present information from the three sections within chapter 12 (DNA and RNA) in the Biology textbook.
Section # 3 Key Concepts: a.)What are the 3 main types of RNA? b.)What is transcription? c.) What is translation?
FLASHCARD (1 OF 2) Q: What is the difference between RNA and DNA? A: sugar in RNA is ribose, not deoxyribose; RNA is generally single-stranded; and RNA contains uracil in place of thymine. Q: What are the 3 types of RNA and what are their functions? FLASHCARD (2 OF 2) A: Messenger RNA-carries copies of the instuctions for assembling amino acids from DNA to the rest of the cell Ribosomal RNA-type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes Transfer RNA-transfers each amino acid to the ribosome to help assemble proteins
Section #2 Key Concepts a.)How is DNA packaged to fit chromosomes? b.)How does the DNA duplicate before cell division?
:) :) :)
Histones and Nucleosomes Histones: are proteins that allow DNA to coil around them, so they can then aid in organizing and fitting DNA in other structures Nucleosomes: are able to fold giant amounts of DNA (of long lengths) into the tiny available space
FACTS -DNA is located in the cytoplasm and the nucleus for prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, respectively. -DNA is longer than the circumference of the chromosome: it is bunched in the chromosome. -Chromatin is formed from DNA and proteins, in eukaryotic cells. -Chromatin structures and DNA/histone connecting are related to the changes in the activities of genes, if they are changed themselves.
During Translation, the cell uses information from Messenger RNA to produce proteins. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. Before this process starts, Messenger RNA is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus. Also, during this process, Transfer RNA has to bring the correct amino acid in the ribosome so it can attach itself to the peptide chain (which forms a protein).
During Transcription, RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA; RNA polymerase binds only to DNA promoters, which have specific base sequences.
DNA Replication =the process where the DNA molecule makes 2 new complementary strands =DNA separates into 2 strands+Each strand is a template to produce the new strands=2 new complimentary strands produced, abiding by base pairing 'rules' Each DNA molecule produced has a strand of original DNA and a new strand
Replication Forks: the sites where DNA replication & separation occurred Adenine base in DNA is complementary withThymine base Cytosine base in DNA is complementary with Guanine base
Through a series of experiments with mice, Griffith determined that 'when the live/harmless bacteria and the heat-killed bacteria were mixed, some factor (which must have contained info turning harmless bact. into disease-causing bact.) was transferred from heat-killed cells to live cells.
Section #1 Key Concepts a.)What did scientists discover about the relationship between genes and DNA? b.)What is the overall structure of the DNA molecule?
DNA Captured! >DNA was found to be the thing that transferred genes to other things
Avery and his colleagues: performed experiments and noticed that an certain enzyme injected into bacteria would cause the transformation of genetic material not to occur (it was a DNA-killing enzyme)
Dear Diary, DNA is composed of 4 kinds of nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine. Adenine is base paired with Thymine and Cytosine is base paired with Guanine.
Hershey-Chase They experimented with bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria). They used phosphate and sulfur to experiment with DNA and the protein (the 2 parts of the bacteriophage) to see which part contained the genetic material. The phosphate in the DNA was a marker, allowing the scientists to see that there was genetic material detected.
Nucleotides are made up of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
