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The Edwin Smith Papyrus represents the earliest written record of medical treatment. Among the 48 cases described, are included references to head and brain injury. These descriptions suggest, for the first time, that brain functions are localized in specific parts of the brain.
2500 -3000 BC
1514 - 1564
John Watson presents his theory that human behavior is based upon conditioned responses to stimuli. His theory goes against the eugenics theory which is reaching its height at this time. This marks the beginning of the behaviorist school of psychology.
1913
Scientists try to affect the workings of the brain in order to treat mental illnesses such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia.
1930's
Wilder Penfield identified specific areas of the brain that control motor impulses, sensory inputs, and memories in the work Epilepsy and the Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain he published along with Herbert Jasper.
1951
The first MR image was published in 1973 and the first cross-sectional image of a living mouse was published in January 1974.The first studies performed on humans were published in 1977, which allowed for more advanced study of the brain.
1970's
Opioid neuropeptides were first discovered in 1974 by two independent groups of investigators: John Hughes and Hans Kosterlitz of Scotland isolated enkephalin. Around the same time Rabi Simantov and Solomon H. Snyder of the United States found what Eric Simon later termed endorphin by an abbreviation of endogenous morphine.
1975
Verona & Williams examined 750 skulls from Peru and measured trephine skulls for technique, location, size, healing, and presence of fracture. Results suggest that most trephinations were performed in the frontal and upper parietal regions following injury to the skull from clubs and other weapons of the pre-Columbian era. Techniques used were similar to modern-day methods of drilling burr holes to relieve pressure and release trapped blood.
1992
IMPORTANT DATES
Vesalius was the first to conduct careful observations of brain anatomy. This represents the beginning of a period in which careful observations and empirical science began to triumph over the ideas that had been handed down since the time of Aristotle and introduced the anatomical theater in which students and doctors could watch dissections from above.
