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Lasting Effects 1. Because many feudal lords left to fight in the Crusades, the power of monarchs was greatly increased. 2. The influence and prestige of the church was greatly damaged due to the failure and poor direction of the Crusades. 3. After the wars, the European economy expanded, and trade was increased. 4. Because lords needed money, peasants started to sell their goods in town. This practice undermined serfdom.
Motives of the Crusaders 1. Religious fervor 2. Reputation and prestige 3. Entry into heaven 4. Adventure and excitement 5. Financial gain in the "Promised Land"
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated in 1096 by Pope Urban II. In these wars, Christians fought with Muslims over holy lands in the Middle East, particularly the city of Jerusalem. The Crusades continued off and on for more than 200 years, but only in the First Crusade were the Christians even close to being victorious. When the Christian knights captured Jerusalem, they mercilessly massacred the Muslims and Jews already living in the city. In 1291, the Muslims captured the last Christian outpost, massacring the Christian. Though the Crusades had finally ended, they left behind a bitter legacy of religious hatred.
Pope Urban II
Motives of the Church 1. To demonstrate its power to the European monarchs by raising a strong army 2. To reunify the Catholic Church 3. To redirect the internal fighting of knights towards fighting the Muslms 4. To regain holy lands, especially for Christian pilgrims
A 14th century depiction of Muslims besieging a Christian Tower
Conditions The crusaders lacked sanitary conditions and often drank dirty water. Heat stroke and dysentery were common, and disease and fatigue plagued the rich and poor alike.
The Crusades
