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Skeletal System
Joints BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT. A ball-and-socket joint provides the most freedom of movement of any joint. In this type of joint, the round head of one bone (the ball) fits into a cup-shaped depression in another bone (the socket). The joint allows movement in all directions, including rotation. The shoulder and hip joints are examples of ball-and-socket joints. HINGE JOINT. A hinge joint allows backward and forward movement in only one direction, much like a door opening and closing. In this type of joint, the convex surface of one bone fits in the concave surface of the other. The joints at the knees, elbows, and knuckles are hinge joints. PIVOT JOINT. A pivot joint consists of a cylinder of one bone rotating within a ring formed by another bone. Movement occurs only around a single axis. The pivot joint between the atlas and the axis (first and second cervical vertebrae) allows the head to be turned from side to side. GLIDING JOINT. A gliding or plane joint allows only a small amount of movement as the flattened or slightly curved surfaces of bones slide or glide over each other in various directions. The joints between the carpal bones in the wrist, the tarsal bones in the ankle, and the vertebrae in the spine are examples of gliding joints.
Function of the Skeletal System The skeletal system's 206 bones form a rigid framework to which the softer tissues and organs of the body are attached. Vital organs are protected by the skeletal system. The brain is protected by the surrounding skull as the heart and lungs are encased by the sternum and rib cage. Bodily movement is carried out by the interaction of the muscular and skeletal systems.
The composition of bone and Injuries and disorders of the skeletal system
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Bones in the Body
Osteology: the branch of anatomy dealing with the skeleton
Endoskeleton: the internal skeleton or framework of the body of an animal
Appendicular skeleton: the part of the skeleton that includes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle and the upper and lower limbs
Axial skeleton: the skeleton of the head and trunk
Ligaments: sheet or band of tough, fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages at a joint or supporting an organ
Haversian canals: a series of tubes around narrow channels formed by lamellae. This is the region of bone called compact bone
