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Porifera Symmetry: Asymmetrical Germ Layers; None Characteristics: -Spikes made from particles of calcium carbonate. -No front, back, left, or right sides. -2 Types of sponges, Demosponge and Calcareous Sponge. Body Systems: Digestive System -Water enters through the ostia and is moved into the sponge through the beating of the flagellum on the collar cells which line the internal cavity. -Collar cells trap and partially digest food particles. -Amebocyte cells completely digest and pass nutrients to the rest of the sponge cells. -Wastes are taken out of the sponge through the osculum as well as excess water. Asexual Reproduction -Regeneration and Budding. -Gemmule is formed in harsh conditions. Sexual Reproduction -Egg and sperm are held within the sponge. -Sponges are hermaphrodites. -They release sperm and the amebocyte of another sponge catches the sperm. -The zygote then changes into a larva. Respiration, Circulation and Excretion -Oxygen dissolved in the water diffuses into the cells while carbon dioxide and other wastes diffuse out into the water and is passed out through the osculum. Habitat:: It is normallly in oceans and seas. They are found around 10-15 meters below sea level and are found on rocks and the sand. UAE Prevelance: They are usually found in the Gulf and are found in the Indian Ocean.
Porifera, Cniderians, and Ctnephores
Cniderians Symmetry: Radial Symmetry Germ Layers: 2 Layers which become tissues. Epidermis and Gastrodermis Characteristics: -Carniverous and attack with poison. -Have Polyp and Medusa life cycles. -Body wall which surrounds a Gastrovascular Cavity. Body Systems: Digestive System -Cnidocytes are stinging cells lining tentacles. -They use their tentacles to bring food to their mouth's. -Each cnidocyte contains nematocysts, harpoon structures which contain coiled poison filled darts which spring out and inject the poison into the prey, paralyzing or killing it. -It wraps around the prey and brings it to the mouth, where enzymes break up the prey and the nutrients are absorbed. Asexual Reproduction -Budding. -The bud is released into the ocean to grow into a new polyp. Sexual Reproduction -The eggs are produced in the ovaries. -The sperm is produced in the testies. -They are released into the ocean. Nervous System -There is a nerve net. Habitat:: They are found all over the world in almost any place that has salt water. They may also be located in freshwater lakes. UAE Prevalence: They are found in the Gulf and almost anywhere in salt water.
Ctenophora Body Plan: Nerve Net, Sensorary Organs, Bioluminescense, Tentacles. General Characteristics: -They are more evolved than other cniderians. -They have 8 rows of cilia. -They have cells called Colloblasts. -They are located on the tentacles. -They posses Bioluminescence which produces light. -They are glow in the dark. Body Systems: Nerve System -They have a nerve net. -Their Apical organ runs the nerves and makes the cilia beat. Digestive System -They use their tentacles to bring prey into their mouth. -They use Colloblasts to make the prey stick to them. Habitat: They live in the ocean and sometimes at the bottom. UAE Prevalence: They live in all oceans in the world, they also live in the Gulf.
"Comb Jellies: Ctenophora - Physical Characteristics, Behavior And Reproduction, Venus's Girdle (cestum Veneris): Species Accounts - GEOGRAPHIC RANGE, HABITAT, DIET, COMB JELLIES AND PEOPLE, CONSERVATION STATUS". May 8, 2010 .
Cniderians. National Zoo/Smithsonian. May 8, 2010 .
'Porifera, Cniderians, Ctnephores' Google. May 9, 2010.
