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Mieosis
Gregor Mendel was the first to discover the basic information of genetics. Mendel used peas to carry out his work. These peas were true breeding, meaning that they were self pollinating. Mendel wanted to produce seeds by joining male and female reproductive cells from two different plants. He wanted to make seeds by using male and female reproductive cells. Mendel was able to do this by using cross-pollination, which he cut away the polllen bearing parts.This made it possible for Mendel to cross-breed plants with different characteristics, and then to study the results.
Chemical factors used to determine traits are called genes. The different forms of genes are called alleles. The principle of dominance states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
Probability is the likelihood that a particular event will occur. An example of probability is flipping a coin, there are two possible outcomes. The principles of probability can be used to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses. Punnett Squares are used to determine genetic combinations. All plants have the same phenotype, or physical characteristics. Although they don't have the same genotype, the genetic makeup.
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Independent assortment states that genes for different traits can separate independently while forming gametes. Independent assortment helps account for many genetic variations. When Mendel crossed plants that were heterozygous he found that alleles segregated independently to produce the F2 generation. Mendels Principles . genes are passed from parent to offspring . genes can be dominant and recessive . each adult has two copies of each gene . The alleles for different genes usually segregate independently of one another
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A cell with both sets of homologous chromosomes are considered to be diploid. Cells with single sets of chromosomes are considered to be haploid cells. Meiosis is a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. As homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrads in meiosis I, they exchange portions of their chromatids in a process called crossing-over. Gametes In male animals, the haploid gametes produced by meiosis are called sperm. In some plants, pollen grains contain haploid sperm cells.
