ch 11

reingruber

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Ch 11 Intro. to Genetics

This section is about the basic discoveries of Gregor Mendel. He was involved in genetics, the study of heredity. He used peas in his experiments. Using a process called fertilization, to produce offspring. He had plants that were tru-breeding all of their life so no traits, or specific characteristics, wouold differ, but Mendel didn't want that. He wanted to create hybirds, or fertilization of parents with different traits. The factors that determined these different traits are called genes. The different forms of genes are called alleles. Knowing this, Mendel segregated the sex parts of the plant. These sex parts are called gamets. There are two types of gamets, recessive and dominant.

To understand this process called meiosis, there are things to know about chromosomes. Cells with two sets of chromosomes are dipliod cells and if they have one set they are haploid. In the process of meiosis, cell will lose the number of chromosomes and still contain all the genetic information. Meiosis is divided into two parts. In Meiosis I, the dipliod cell will divide its chromosome number in half between the two cells in the process of dividing. Meiosis II the cell will go from a dipliod cell and become a haploid cell in dividing.

Mendel expiremented with putting two traits into one larger Punnett Square. He saw that genes are sorted independantly. He also found out that there could be some irregular outcomes of genes. There could be more then one dominant trait present. Or there could be no one trait dominant and both be present. Like red and white rose color joining and making pink ones. There could be more then two alleles in a gene and more than two genes in the trait.

Sect 2 Prop. and Punnett Squares

Sect 4 Meiosis

Sect 5 Linkage and Genetic Maps

Sect. 3 Exploring Genetics

Sect 1 The Work of Mendel

This about two things, gene linkage and Genetic maps. Gene linkage is saying that chromosomes are just genes linked together and the chromosomes assort independantly. The second part of this section is about gene maps. They are pretty much diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome.

This section is about the propability of getting a specific gene to be present or not be present. To do this, Mendel made the Punnett Square, the method he used to make the propability of a gene be present. This makes the gene one of two things, homozygous or heterozygous. The first one is that there is only one trait present. The second on is when the dominant trait physically present but the recessive gene will be present but not in the physical apperence.

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