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Ch. 38 Digestion and Excretory System

Sect. 1 Food and Nutrition

Sect. 2 The Process of Digestion

This section is about why food is important and what is in food that keeps you healthy. Humans need energy to move and do basic activity and they get thid energy from food. The basic unit of energy is Calories, or 1000 calories. The average female needs 2200 Calories and males need 2800 Calories. The body also needs nutrients, or substnces that supply energy and raw material that are used for growth, repair and maintenance. The main nutrient is water. This is the most important nutriet because many chemical reactions take place in water. Another nutrient is carbohydrates. They are the main sorce of energy in the body. Another nutrient is fat and they store excess energy in the body. Anotehr nutrient is protein and they supply raw materials for growth and repair of structures such as skin and muscle. The last two nutrients are vitamins and minerals. These both regulate the body's processes but vitamins are organic and minerals are inorganic. In order for you to know how much of these nutrients you need to be healthy, nutritionist came up with MyPyramid to guide us to how much of each nutrient we need. Below is a sample of MyPyramid.

This section is about the process of digestion and what each organ does in this process. There are two types of digestion. Mechanical is the physical breaking of food into smaller pieces and chemical is when a chemical comes in contact with the food and breaks it down into smaller molecules. The digestive system includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, which transports the food to the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, which removes excess water from the undigested material.. Several major accessory structures, including the salivary glands, which produces amylase, the pancreas, and the liver, which produces bile that breaks down the fats. Below is a list of what some ogans do in the process of digestion by using enzymes to break down food. Below right is a video better explaining the digestive process.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fff7xunqgtI

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