Chapter 9

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Sect. 1 Chemical Pathways

Ch 9 Cellular Respiration

This section is about an into. to cellular respiration including the first stage of it. It starts off with a calorie being a unit of energy for us. A Calorie is 1000 calories. The first stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis. Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound. Glycolysis creates two moleculels of ATP from one moleucle of glucose. But if there is no oxygen is present, the process will then go to fermentation and not the Krebs Cycle. The two main types of fermentation are alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. The products of this fermentation is the reason for their names.

Sect. 2 Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain

This section is about the other two stages of cellular Respiration, along with an overall review of it. The second stage is the Krebs Cycle. During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. Pyruvic acid is broken into carbon dioxide and a two carbon molecule. This molecule is then changed into citric acid. This is then broken down to release carbon dioxide until it is a 4 carbon molecule. This produces high energy electrons that are carried to the electron transport system. The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. The electrons make H+ ions. These ions cause the ATP synthesis work and change ADP to ATP. In these two processes, it can make 36 molecules of ATP form one molecule of glucose. Cellular Respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis because its reactants are the products of photosynthesis and the products are the reactants.

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