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Physics and soccer
The shape of a soccer ball resembles that of an allotrope of carbon called a “buckyball”, which was named after an architect, Buckminster Fuller. It is a polygon with 60 vertices and 32 faces that come together to make its aerodynamic qualities. The aerodynamic qualities of a soccer ball are routinely described by the interaction of the soccer ball with the atmosphere.
When a soccer ball moves along a surface, there is a component of force that is parallel to the surface. This parallel force is called the frictional force (Cutnell & Johnson). Frictional forces are always tangent to the surfaces. A soccer ball rolling across a field creates friction, the friction being opposite the direction the ball is traveling. Physics uses the equation for objects that slide against one another. In the equation the frictional force (f) is equal to the normal force ( ) multiplied by the coefficient of friction ( ). The coefficient of friction will vary with the ball and the type of surface with which it interacts. The more friction there is between the ball and the field, the slower the ball will move across the field. Therefore, the coefficient of friction will tell us how fast or slow a ball will travel.
Topics: Aerodynamics Friction of a rolling ball Heading Kicking
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When aiming a header, vectors must be taken into consideration. According to physics, “the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.” Therefore, to aim the header, one must head the ball in the direction from which it was served. To obtain the final speed and direction of the soccer ball, the following vectors must be combined: the motion of the head, the motion of the ball, and the bounce –reflection- off of the head.
The physics behind many sports, including soccer, helps us to better understand the science involved in the sport and can also help us perhaps play the sport more efficiently. One of the key aspects of soccer is the way the ball is kicked. By looking at the kinematics of kicking as well as taking into account the movement of the layer as they kick the ball, we can determine the best type of action to create a myriad of desired effects. One aspect of soccer is the spin the ball receives from a kick that hits the ball off-center. Whenever a ball comes into contact with a surface that has friction, the ball's parallel velocity is changed and a torque is applied to the ball by the off-center force. When the foot comes into contact with the ball, the upward and forward swing of the leg’s stroke gives the ball topspin.
