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Biomes
--- deciduous forests---- a)Area has warm summer and moderately cold winter. b) Precipitation is abundant ranging from 75 cm to 150 cm. c) Temperature remains moderate 20 - 27o C in summer and - 12o C in winter. d) Soil is rich in minerals and organic ------The Tundra ----- a) Ground surface is spongy, uneven as a result of freezing and thawing. This is because the plains of tundra are covered with snow, ice and frozen soil most of the year - b) Extreme cold climate with temperature ranging from -30oC to -40oC in winter. c) Highest summer temperature is only about 10o C , only for a very brief period. During this time upper 10 - 20 cm deep surface region melt forming ponds, marshes and bogs in the depressions on terrain plain d) Annual precipitation (mostly as snow) is below 25 cm. -----the Chaparrel----- Occurs in mid latitude coastal areas with mild rainy winters and long hot dry summers. Dense spiny evergreen shrubs dominate chaparral such as those in this California scrub land are adapted to and dependent on periodic fires. The dry woody shrubs are frequently ignited by lightning . Some of the shrubs produce seeds that will germinate after hot fire. -------The Taiga--- 1) Winters are very long and snowy, temperature reaching a low of about 6oC. Summers are very brief with the average temperature of 20oC. 2) Precipitation occurs as both rainfall and snow. Rainfall varies from 10 - 35 cm in dry areas and upto 100 cm in wet areas. 3) Summer is mild and provides a short growing period (of 4) Very little light reaches the forest floor. -----The savannah----- Savannas are. Grasslands with scattered trees. Home of herbivores and predators. Rain increases grass growth which provides food for animals . Large grazing mammals must migrate to greener pasteurization scattered water hole during long periods of drought.
TROPICAL RAIN FOREST Tropical rain forests grow in regions with plenty of moisture and heat. They are also referred as 'evergreen forests'. Characteristics of Tropical Rain Forests a) Temperature and humidity are high and has a very rich florestic and faunistic composition. b) Canopy is very well developed and understory vegetation is fairly thick, short trees (upto 20 m), shrubs (upto 10 m) and herbs layer. c) Annual rainfall is around 200 - 225 cm and evenly distributed throughout the year.
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