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Korea
Ancient History The history of Korea started from lower Paleolithic periods which is about 2.5 million years ago but the earliest Korean pottery dates 8000 years ago, followed by a Neolithic period 2333 BC - the Gojoseon (Old Joseon) kingdom was said to be founded but later disintegrated into different successor states. At around 57 B.C - The three Kingdoms Gogureo, Baekje and Silla defeated the successor states of Gojoseon and came to dominate the Manchuria peninsula. The three kingdoms competed with each other and Gorguryeo defeated massive Chinese invasions. Silla’s power gradually extended across Korea and eventually established the first unified state to cover most of Korean Peninsula by 676 while former Goguryeo general Dae Jo-yeong founded Balhae as the successor of Gorguryeo. At late 9th century Unified Silla fell apart giving way to later three Kingdoms period and ended the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Goryeo period, laws were codified, civil service system was introduced and Buddhism flourished. In 1238 the Mongolian invaded Korea and after thirty years of war they sign a peace treaty. In 1392, the general Yi Seong-gye established the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) after a coup. King Sejong the Great (1418-1450) promulgated hangul, the Korean alphabet During the Goryeo period, laws were codified, civil service system was introduced and Buddhism flourished. In 1238 the Mongolian invaded Korea and after thirty years of war they sign a peace treaty. Between 1592-1598, Japan invaded Korea, but was eventually repelled with the efforts by the Navy led by Admiral Yi Sun-sin, resistance armies. In the 1620s and 1630s, Joseon suffered invasions by the Manchu Qing Dynasty. Beginning in the 1870s, Japan began to force Korea out of China's sphere of influence into its own. In 1895, Empress Myeongseong was assassinated by Japanese agents. In 1897, Joseon was renamed the Korean Empire (1897-1910), and King Gojong became Emperor Gojong. Modern History Nevertheless, In 1905, Japanese forced Korea to sign the Eulsa Treaty making Korea a protectorate, and in 1910 annexed Korea, although neither is considered to be legally valid. Korean resistance to the Japanese occupation was manifested in the massive nonviolent March 1st Movement of 1919. Thereafter the Korean liberation movement, coordinated by the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in exile, was largely active in neighboring Manchuria, China and Siberia. With the defeat of Japan in 1945, the United Nations developed plans for a trusteeship administration by the Soviet Union and the United States, but the plan was soon abandoned. In 1948, new governments were established, the democratic South Korea and Communist North Korea divided at the 38th parallel. The unresolved tensions of the division surfaced in the Korean war of 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea.
History of Korea
Traditions of Korea Family Structure - Eldest male in the family is the scource of supreme authority. - All members of the family were expected to do what the eldest male tells them. Houses/Dwellings - Houses were expected to be in a L or U shape in bird eye view. Dress/Clpothing - Korean wear dresses called hanbok every day. Meals -Main dish - fried rice and kimchi - Drinks - rice based wine before meals Music - Traditional Korean music is characterized by improvisation and the lack of breaks between movements. - Korean court music, called jeongak. Dance - Common court dances are jeongjaemu performed at banquets, and ilmu, performed at Confucian rituals. Jeongjaemu is divided into native dances. Painting - There is a tendency towards naturalism with subjects such as realistic landscapes, flowers and birds being particularly popular. Ink is the most common material used, and it is painted on mulberry paper or silk. Crafts - Traditionally, metal, wood, fabric, lacquerware, and earthenware were the main materials used, but later glass, leather or paper have sporadically been used. Games - Chajeon Nori is a traditional game involving two teams of villagers in a giant jousting match.
