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As they began to evolve legs their pelvis changed to suit their new limbs. Due to less swining from trees and more walking humans began to develop a short pelvis, with their knees close together, which helped when they were walking long distances in search of food. Where as primates still has long narrow pelvis' with their knees far apart (to reach far for trees).
Intelligence: Spine straightened to support larger brain
Bipedalism
Less calories consumed: Animals on 2 legs consume 75% less oxygen then those on four. On two legs you have a longer stride, which uses less engergy allowing the animal to travel farther for food without wasting energy.
Hypothesis: When the species Australopithecus Afarensis started to run low on food due to overpopulatin their four legs became a disadvantage. As the plants and grass grew tall the species has to adapt to see over and further to find more adequate food sources. Then as their intelligence level grew, their brains became larger and heavier. Their spines straightened out to hold their brain upright and releive the constant pressure from hanging. Also walking long distances in search of food proved to be quite strenous on their limbs and a waste of energy. The long strides of two legs used less energy, conserving more to travel further. All of these features caused a gradual change from two legs to four.
LUCY
Lack of Resources: Animals left treetops in search of food. Two legs on ground made animals taller which provided a better line of vision for spotting predators and looking for food, easier hiding, better balence and easier use of tools (THUMBS)!
