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Inca Civilization
Aztec Civilization
Maya Civilization
- Estimates widely accepted by Inca scholars range between six and 14 million within an area extending from Colombia to Chile, in 1532 when the Spanish arrived. -The Inca apparently kept accounts and perhaps historical information using a quipu. -Lots of ethnographic sources are available about the Inca, primarily Spanish military leaders and priests who were interested in conquering the Inca. -Construction techniques used by the Inca included fired adobe mud bricks, roughly shaped stones interspersed with mud mortar, and large, finely shaped stones coated with mud and clay finishing. -(Capaq an or Gran Ruta Inca) was built connecting the empire, and included some 8500 kilometers of major thoroughfare crossing fifteen distinct ecosystems.
-In other contexts, Aztec may refer to all the various city states and their peoples. -Aztec culture and history is primarily known through archaeological evidence found in excavations such as that of the renowned Templo Mayor in Mexico City and many others. -When used about ethnic groups the term "Aztec" refers to several Nahuatl speaking peoples of central Mexico in the postclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology. -Aztec culture is the culture of the people referred to as Aztecs, but since all ethnic groups of central Mexico in the postclassic period shared most basic cultural traits. -The Aztec empire was a tribute empire based in Tenochtitlan, which extended its power throughout Mesoamerica in the late postclassic period.
-In the 1600s, the Spanish reported that there were between 600,000-1 million people living in the Yucatan peninsula alone. -The Maya Lowland region below 800 meters is tropical with rainy and dry seasons. -The Highland Maya regions include a string of volcanically active mountains. -The various groups spoke nearly 30 closely related languages and dialects, including the Mayan and Huastec . -The Maya had 800 distinct hieroglyphs, with the first evidence of language written on stela and walls of buildings beginning ca 300 BC.
